Heterocyclic tuufaatasi: nomenclature ma faavasegaina

lotoa Heterocyclic se vasega o faatulagaina tuufaatasi mama i le taamilosaga lea, e faaopoopo i atoms carbon, o loo sili atu atoms o isi elemene vailaau, e taʻua o heteroatoms (Greek heteros - - o le isi, lona lua.): okesene (f.t.t., furan ma pyran), nitrogen (pyrrole ma pyridine ), teio (thiophene tiofenaldegid, thiopyran, thiazole), selenium (selenophene) ma isi

O le heterocycles faia e atoms lua po o le sili carbon ma heteroatoms. E tusa ai ma talitonuga a le Bayer ona heterocycles tetee gata i na tulaga pe afai o le valencies palasi o atoms fausia ai le mama, o le tulimanu itiiti o 109 ° 28 '. Mo se faataitaiga, o le tuufaatasi heterocyclic sili ona mautu o heterocycles tolu-vaitaimi, lea o loo i le pito i tele molecules e palasi - 24 ° 44 '(oxide ethylene, Tioxide ethylene ma ethyleneimine).

ua lautele tufatufaina Heterocycles i le natura. E aofia ai acids amino (tryptophan, carnosine, histidine), imino acids (proline ma hydroxyproline), o se purine (adenine ma guanine) ma pyrimidine (thymine, uracil ma cytosine) faavae, mea biologically taua o le ola i mataupu (heme, hemin, chlorophyll), alkaloids ( kafeini ma atropine), fualaau (penisilini, gramicidin C, streptomycin), fualaau (norsulfazol ma kafeini), sulfonamides (norsulfazol, streptocid), solvents faatulagaina (pyridine), carbohydrates, acids nucleic, polotini, homone, vaitamini, ma le tele o isi mea taua.

Faavasegaina o le tuufaatasi vailaau

O le faavasegaina o loo faavae i luga o le faatulagaga o heterocycles i lona molecule ua fusia atoms carbon i se heteroatom (hetero) ma atoms hydrogen. ua vaevaeina Heterocycles ma o latou mafuaaga i ni vaega e fuafua i le aofai o atoms fausia le mama (e tolu, fa, e lima, ono membered, ma isi). I vaega taitasi o loo laiti ni vaega se tasi, atoms hetero lua po o le tolu.

Heterocyclic tuufaatasi i le tele o mataupu o lo o faasinomia i ai nomenclature talafaasolopito (pyridine, pyrrole, acridine). Mai igoa talafaasolopito faia igoa o latou mafuaaga (pyridine-4-carboxylic acid methylpyridine). E faailoa ai le tulaga o le atoms substituent numera heterocycles. ua faia le Faanumeraina i fafo i atoms hetero po o faamatala ai le tusi Greek o le alafapeta, e amata mai le tuaoi atomu carbon ma se heteroatom - Alefa, beta, gamma, ma isi

tuufaatasi Getorotsiklicheskie: nomenclature

Ina ua faaigoaina o le tuufaatasi heterocyclic e tusa ma le nomenclature IUPAC faitauina le aofai o atoms i le heterocycle, o lona fausaga, tulaga o substituents ma isi vaega (f.t.t., furfural ai le igoa faiga furan-2-carbaldehyde). O le igoa o tuufaatasi heterocyclic loo taʻua i le faagasologa o faamatalaga mo a latou sauniuniga, meatotino ma tulaga faatauaina.

Mo heterocycles aofia oxides (f.t.t., oxide ethylene), anhydrides o dibasic acids carboxylic faatumulia, ma isi Mautu o heterocycles manatu muamua e faalagolago i le aofai o atoms carbon i le heterocycle molecule o heteroatoms ma lona tulaga i le heterocycle. Le itiiti ifo i le tetee e tuufaatasi heterocyclic aofia ai o le tolu po o le taamilosaga e fa, lea e faigofie ona momotu ma avea tuufaatasi acyclic. O loo i ai le tele o tuufaatasi heterocyclic, molecules taamilosaga o lo latou fale o manu, faataamilosaga faapena benzenovogo autu. O i latou o le elemene fausaga autu o le tele o biosoedineny taua mo alamanuia, vailaau faafomai ma mo tipiga o manu.

Kemisi o Heterocyclic tuufaatasi

O le vailaau meatotino o le lima membered (thiophene ma pogai ai) heterocycles tatau ona totogi atu i le afioaga i latou molecule pi-faiga o electrons sili, lea e faateleina ai lo latou aromaticity. Faatusatusa faigofie ona gaoioi ma thiophene benzene suia electrophilic.