Le sui muamua o alkenes - ethylene. Le meatotino faaletino, sauniuniga, faaaogaina o ethylene

hydrocarbons unsaturated sui Bright - ethene (ethylene). Meatotino faaletino: colorless kasa mu gofie, paluga mea papa ma le okesene ma le ea. Le aofaiga tele o ethylene mai suauu maua mo le tuufaatasia e mulimuli ane ai o mea faatulagaina (monohydric ma dihydric alcohols, polymers, acid acetic ma isi tuufaatasi).

faasologa Homologous o ethylene, sp ² hybridization

Hydrocarbons, e tali tutusa i fausaga ma meatotino ma ethene ua valaauina alkenes. Talafaasolopito mauaa se isi vaitaimi lenei vaega - olefins. O le fua faatatau aoao o C _n H _2n atagia ai le tuufaatasiga o le vasega atoa o mea. Amataga sui - ethylene, i le molecule lea ua avea o le atoms carbon tolu ae na o le lua o-fesootaiga ma hydrogen. Alkenes - tuufaatasi unsaturated po unsaturated o fua faatatau F ₂ U _4. Ua fefiloi i le tulaga o le malosi ma na o le 2 p- ma s-1 carbon atomu, le ao electron, uma sootaga e tolu o-foliga. O lenei tulaga ua taʻua o sp2-hybridization. O le valency lona fa o le carbon taofia i le molecule tupu π-sootaga. I le fua faatatau fausaga o le uiga fausaga o loo atagia. Ae faatusa e faailoa mai ituaiga eseese o fesootaiga i totonu o le ata e masani lava ona faaaogaina e le lava lea e tasi - nutililii po o togi. faamatalaina fausaga ethylene ana fegalegaleaiga ma mea malolosi o vasega eseese. Accession vai ma isi fasimea tupu ona māsae o mautu π-noataga. ua faatumulia valences faasaolotoina ona electrons o le okesene, hydrogen, halogens.

Ethylene: meatotino faaletino o mataupu

Ethene i lalo o tuutuuga masani (uunaiga ea ma le vevela o le 18 ° C) - kasa colorless. E suamalie (taua) manogi, o le aafiaga o lona le aafiaga nakoti manavaina i totonu i luga o tagata. Faamalolosia ai i -169,5 ° C, melts i le tulaga lava lea e tasi vevela. Maʻi fulafula ethene i -103,8 ° C. Ignites pe faamafanafana e 540 ° C. lelei tutu kasa, afi luminous ma maualalo eleele mumu mai mauga. na faataapeina Ethylene i le Eteru ma acetone, tele itiiti - i le vai ma le ava malosi. mea vaega tele gao lapotopoto - 28 g / mole. Le sui lona tolu ma le fa o le faasologa homologous o ethene - foi mea gaseous. Le faaletino meatotino o le lima ma le alkenes nei eseese, oi latou o suavai ma solids.

Sauniuniga ma meatotino a ethylene

faaaogaina faafuasei kemisi Siamani Iogan Beher ava malosi i suesuega ma faasagatonu acid sulfuric. O lea na muamua maua ethene i totonu o le fale suesue (1680). I le ogatotonu o le XIX senituri AM tuuina Butlerov le lotoa ulutala, ethylene. meatotino faaletino ma tali vailaau ua faamatalaina foi e saienitisi o Rusia iloa. Butlerof fuafaatatau fausaga fuafuaina atagia ai le faatulagaga o mataupu. Metotia mo ana sauniuniga i le fale suesue:

1. hydrogenation Catalytic o acetylene.
2. Dehydrohalogenation chloroethane e tali i se fofo malosi faasagatonu o se faavae malosi (alkali) ma faʻavevela.
3. Cleavage o molecules vai o ethyl ava malosi (dehydration). E manaomia ai se tali i luma o le acid sulfuric. O lona faaupuga: H2C-CH2-Oi → H2C = CH2 + H2O

Le tuuina tau alamanuia:

• faamamaina - faapapaina ma pyrolysis o hydrocarbons;
• dehydrogenation o ethane i le afioaga o se vaega taua. H ₃ F-CH ₃ → H ₂ C = CH ₂ + H ₂

faamatala fausaga ethylene lona tali masani vailaau - accession fasimea atoms C, o loo i le fusi e lua:

1. Halogenation ma gidrogalogenirovanie. O le oloa o nei tali e halogenated.
2. O le hydrogenation (faatumau hydrogen), o le sauniuniga o ethane.
3. Oxidation e diol o glycol ethylene. O lona fua: Oi-H2C-CH2-Oi.
4. Polymerization e tusa ma le fuafuaga: n (H2C = CH2) → n (-H2C-CH2-).

Vaega o le talosaga o ethylene

E fractional distillation o le suauu e tusi tele maua ethylene. Le meatotino faaletino, fausaga ma vailaau natura o le mea faataga ona faaaogaina i le tuuina atu o ethanol, alcohols halogenated, oxide, acid acetic ma isi tuufaatasi. Ethene - monomer polyethylene, ma le amataina o mea mo polystyrene.

Dichloroethane lea na saunia mai ethene ma chlorine, o le a mafai ona totogi aitalafu lelei faaaogaina i le tuuina atu o polyvinylchloride (PVC). Polyethylene o uunaiga maualalo ma maualuga gaosia ata tifaga, paipa, ipu, polystyrene - tulaga mo taavale CD-ROMA ma isi faamatalaga. PVC - o le faavae o linoleum, raincoats. I le faatoaga, ethene faagasolo fua i luma o le seleselega e faatelevaveina matua.