Sulfides ma hydrosulfides. Hydrosulfide ma sulfide ammonium

E sulphides aofia tuufaatasi vailaau faatulagaina ma inorganic, ua faatasi a atomu teio i lona molecule ma nisi uʻamea po o le lē-uʻamea. Mo tuufaatasi masani sulfides inorganic e sulfide hydrogen (H2S), auai i le vasega o acids ma sulfide ammonium (fuafaatatau (NH4) 2S), auai i le vasega o le masima. Foi, uamea sulfides ma lē c fuafaatatau aoao KxSy (lea K - o se uamea po o le puipuiga nonmetal ma S - totoe acid sulphide hydrogen, x, ma y - o le aofai o cations uamea ma anions o le moiety acid i le molecule, faasologa), o se vasega o masima. Mo se faataitaiga, uʻamea sulfide (II) FeS. sulfides faatulagaina - o se mea vailaau, a atomu teio i latou molecule fesootai ma radicals hydrocarbon. O lenei mercaptides (thioethers) o le RSR aoao fua ', ma R ma R' - radicals hydrocarbon.

tuufaatasi vailaau uma lona molecules loo i ai se atomu uamea, ma atoms o nisi e lē o ni uʻamea (boron B, phosphorus P, silicon Si, arsenic A), e fesootai i le atomu teio (S) ma se faailoga o oxidation tutusa minus 2, e masani manatu masima sulphide hydrogen H2S . sulfides Inorganic (vagana H2S), f.t.t., sulfide, ammonium sulfide po boron, ua manatu e avea o se masima averesi, talu ai o le atoms hydrogen acid sulphide hydrogen uma ua suia e isi cations. Afai o le sulphide hydrogen i le acid, na o le tasi atomu ua suia i cations (o masani mo alkaline lalolagi ma uamea alkali), o le a faia le masima masima acid. Faataitaiga o hydrosulfides inorganic (bisulfide ese) e mafai ona tuufaatasi e pei o hydrosulfide ammonium (NH4HS Fua Faatatau) po o hydrosulfide sodium (NaHS). I molecules hydrosulfides, faatusatusa i sulfide, po o se totoe anion acid o HS-. aofia mercaptans hydrosulfide faatulagaina (thiols ma thioalcohols) o le RSH aoao fua, lea R - hydrocarbon māeʻa. ua faamatalaina Mercaptides ma mercaptans e nomenclature e tele, ina ia latou manaomia iloiloga faaopoopo.

sulfides sili ona maua valivali pupula. I le vai lelei soluble na sulfide ammonium ma sulfides o uʻamea alkali. O lona insoluble i le vai, o totoe sulphides uamea. Talu mai le sulfides e masima sulfide hydrogen o acids vaivai, e mafai ona hydrolyzed latou vai-soluble sui. Mo sulfides faia i uʻamea ma se tulaga maualuga oxidation po o, pe afai latou hydroxides e faavae vaivai (f.t.t., Cr2S3, Al2S3, ma isi), e masani hydrolysis irreversibly tupe. Sulfides e agamalu sui faaitiitia, tali atu ma le okesene ea i le vevela maualuga e fausia ai masima, lea o le teio atomu ua i ai se tulaga maualuga atu o le oxidation, e pei o sulfates ma karaponi teio. o loo faaaogaina sulfide ammonium i ata puʻe, i le alamanuia lavalava. o loo faaaogaina Sulfides pei o mea e semiconductor, phosphors, i vailaau faafomai, i faatoaga.

O le sulfides mafai ona maua e ala i metotia eseese. sulfide Ammonium (taʻua o le isi igoa o lenei masima - sulfide diammonium) ua saunia e le tali sulfide hydrogen ma se faasiliga o amonia: H2S + 2 NH3 → (NH4) 2S. Sili masima acid tetee o hydrogen sulfide o FeS sulfide uamea, lea e mafai ona na ona decomposed e faʻavevela i vacuo e maua ai (o lenei o se tasi o le tele o auala e iloa) e ala i se tali foia i le uʻamea teio: Fe + S → FeS.

mamafa Molecular o sulfide ammonium ma 68,14. .. E m Gross-fua faatatau o le mafai ona tusia faiga Hill pei o le: H8N2S. I foliga tutusa masima taʻega tioata colorless. Ammonium sulfide i le 20 ° C o faigofie soluble i le vai. Soluble i ethanol. O lenei mea hygroscopic mafai ona popoga susu. I le tulaga saoloto e le maua sulfide ammonium. Talu mai le (NH4) 2S masima o le femoumouai, ona e latalata ma sulphide hydrogen faapea ona fofo aqueous aofia moni o se tuufaatasiga o NH3 ma NH4HS, ma tali aqueous o (NH4) 2S o se suavai colorless i se manogi o amonia ma sulfide hydrogen. O le tali vaifofo o le alkaline ma se TA e 9.3. O taʻega tioata o le masima mautu le mafai ona iloa, e oo lava i cooling malosi o le vaifofo. O se taunuuga o oxidation e okesene ea ma le faavaega o polysulfides, vave liliu fofo sulfide ammonium samasama. O le mea lea e tatau ona teuina fofo sulfide i se flask faatumulia i luga i le momono ma mau faamauina.

Le mamafa molecular o hydrosulfide ammonium ma 51,11. .. E m Gross-fua faatatau o le mafai ona tusia faiga Hill pei o le: H5NS. Leki i le foliga o se taʻega tioata rhombic colorless. O le density masima tutusa 0,89 g / cm3. Faaliusuavai manatu 120 ° C (i lalo o le uunaiga). I le vevela o le potu le evaporation ma sublimation o le ausa reagent. O lenei lotoa o volatile i le vevela o le potu. O le aano o le faigofie soluble i le ava malosi ma le vai malulu ethyl, vai vevela po o le faamafanafana ma le itiiti vaeluaina. Tali aqueous alkali. I luga o le ea ua oxidized mafai hydrosulfide ammonium, o lea mai le fofo colorless pe teuina vave liliu samasama ona o le faavaega o polysulfides. e mafai ona saunia Ammonium hydrosulfide tuusao e le tali amonia ma sulfide hydrogen i diethyl (teio) po o le ala i le tufaina ea i 0 ° C i se fofo amonia o sili sulfide hydrogen e le faamatalaga tali: NH3 + H2S → NH4HS.