Monoalcohols, latou meatotino faaletino ma vailaau

Alcohols - o se vasega eseese ua tuufaatasi faatulagaina, lea i lona tuufaatasiga o loo i ai se tasi po o le sili vaega hydroxyl. E faalagolago i le aofai o Oi vaega o nei ua vaevaeina oxygenates i alcohols monohydric, trihydric, ma isi Le tele o taimi, ua manatu nei mea lavelave o pogai o hydrocarbons lona molecules ua suia talu mai le se tasi po o le sili atoms hydrogen ua suia mo se vaega hydroxyl.

O tagata aupito faigofie o lenei vasega o le alcohols monohydric, o le fua faatatau aoao o lea e faapea: R-Oi po o Cn + H 2n + 1OH.

faasologa Homologous o nei tuufaatasi e amata i methyl ava malosi po methanol (CH3OH), sosoo ai ma le alu Ethanol (C2H5OH), propanol lea (S3N7ON) ma isi

Ona ua faamatalaina alcohols e isomerism carbon auivi ma vaega e faaaogaina i.

alcohols Monohydric faaalia sea meatotino faaletino :

1. Alcohols o loo i ai i luga i le 15 atoms carbon - suāvai 15 ma sili atu - solids.
2. Solubility i le vai e faalagolago i le mamafa molecular, o le maualuga e, o le vai o le ava malosi soluble leaga. O lea, alcohols maualalo (e oo propanol) e miscible i le vai i ni vaevaega uma, ma le maualuga o O lona le soluble ai.
3. Pupuna e faateleina ai foi ma le faateleina o le mamafa atomika, f.t.t., t tele. CH3OH = 65 ° C, ma vevela t. C2H5OH = 78 ° C.
4. O le maualuga o le vevela o le vai vevela, o le pito i lalo o le volatility, i.e. mea leaga evaporates.

O nei meatotino faaletino o alcohols faatumuina o ia e se tasi vaega hydroxyl e mafai ona faamatala mai e le tulai mai o intermolecular fusia hydrogen va molecules taitoatasi o le lotoa po o le ava malosi ma le vai.

alcohols Monohydric e mafai ona ulu atu i le e tali vailaau:

1. O le combustion - afi le malamalama, o le vevela o le: C2H5OH + 3O2 - 2CO2 + 2H2O.
2. Suia o - le tali alkanols ma uʻamea malolosi, o le oloa tali e tuufaatasi mautu - alkoxides - vai degradability: 2S2N5ON + 2K - 2S2N5OK + H2.
3. Fegalegaleaiga ma le halide acid: C2H5OH + HBr - S2N5Br + H2O.
4. Esterification ma acids faatulagaina ma inorganic, e mafua i le ester faia.
5. Oxidation, lea ua maua le aldehydes po ketones.
6. Dehydration. tupu lenei tali i lalo o le faʻavevela i le faaaogaina o vaega taua. dehydration Intramolecular i alcohols maualalo tupu tulafono Zaitseva, o le taunuuga o lenei tali atu o le faavaega o le vai ma se hydrocarbon unsaturated. A oloa se tali dehydration intermolecular e ethers ma le vai.

Le meatotino vailaau o alcohols, e mafai ona faaiuina e faapea o le alcohols monohydric - e tuufaatasi amphoteric ona e mafai ona latou tali atu ma le uʻamea alkali, faaali vaivai meatotino acidic ma a halide hydrogen, le faaalia o meatotino faavae. tali vailaau uma faagasolo le solia noataga o le Le-T po o le I-O.

O lea la, le faatapulaaina monoalcohols - o se lotoa faigata faatasi ma le tasi vaega Oi e le oi ai valencies saoloto ina ua maea le faavaeina o sootaga F-C ma faaalia meatotino ma acids vaivai ma nofoaga autu. Ona o ana meatotino faaletino ma vailaau, o loo latou matuai faaaogaina i tuufaatasia faatulagaina, i le gaosia o solvents, faaopoopo o le suauu, e pei foi i le gaosiga o meaai, vailaau faafomai, cosmetics (ethanol).