Tuufaatasi faatulagaina ma o latou faavasegaina

Le faavasegaina e faavae i le talitonuga o le tuufaatasi faatulagaina, o le fausaga vailaau o A. M. Butlerova. faavasegaina faiga - o le faavae o nomenclature faasaienisi. Faafetai atu ia te ia, na mafai ai ona tuuina atu se igoa o le tasi o le sa taua muamua ma mataupu fou faatulagaina, e faaaoga e maua fua faatatau fausaga.

Vasega o tuufaatasi faatulagaina

vailaau faatulagaina ua faavasegaina e uiga autu se lua: o le localization ma le numera o le vaega e faaaogaina i i le faatulagaga skeletal molecule ma carbon.

faatusa auivi carbon a moiety e lava le fale o manu i tali vailaau eseese. ua vaevaeina tuufaatasi faatulagaina i ni vaega se tele, ae i le amanaia ai le faatulagaga molecular o mataupu faatulagaina.

tuufaatasi Acyclic (biosoedineniya puta po o lotoa aliphatic). O nei tuufaatasi faatulagaina i le faatulagaga molecular aofia saʻo po o branched filifili carboxylic.

lotoa Carbocyclic - o se mea i filifili carboxylic tapunia - taamilosaga. O nei biosoedineniya vaevaeina i ni vaega: o ituaiga laau manogi ma alicyclic.

Heterocyclic tuufaatasi faatulagaina masani - mea i le faatulagaga o molecules lea maua se mama faia o atoms ma atoms carbon o isi elemene vailaau (okesene, Nitrogen, teio) heteroatoms.

Tuufaatasi o laina taitasi (vaega) ua vaevaeina i vasega eseese o tuufaatasi faatulagaina. vailaau faatulagaina e auai i se vasega faapitoa ua fuafuaina e le afioaga i lona molecule o le vaega e faaaogaina i nisi. Mo se faataitaiga, o le vasega o hydrocarbons (o le na o vasega o tuufaatasi faatulagaina lea ua leai se vaega e faaaogaina i), amines, aldehydes, phenols, acids carboxylic, ketones, alcohols, ma isi

Ina ia fuafuaina lotoa faatulagaina e auai i le numera o le vasega ma emit carbon auivi po o se filifili carboxylic (o sootaga acyclic), o le matasele (lotoa carbocyclic) po o le vaega faaogatotonu len¯ao (tuufaatasi heterocyclic). Mulimuli ane fuafuaina e le afioaga i le molecule o mataupu faatulagaina isi atomika (e faaaogaina i) vaega, f.t.t., hydroxyl - Oi, carboxyl - COOH, amino, imino, sulfgidridnoy vaega - SH, ma isi O le vaega e faaaogaina i po o vaega faamatala biosoedineniya auai i se vasega faapitoa, o lona autu meatotino faaletino ma vailaau. E le tatau ona faapea e le gata ina faailoa mai vaega e faaaogaina i taitasi nei meatotino, ae faapea foi ona aafia ai isi atoms po o vaega atomika, tofotofoga lava lena ma o latou aafiaga.

Ala i le suia i le molecules o acyclic ma hydrocarbons cyclic po o ua tuufaatasi heterocyclic atomu Hydrogen i vaega e faaaogaina i eseese saunia tuufaatasi faatulagaina e auai i se vasega faapitoa. O nisi nei o vaega e faaaogaina i ia e iloa sui auai o se lotoa faatulagaina i se vasega faapitoa: hydrocarbons RH, hydrocarbons halogenated - R-Hal, aldehydes - R-COH, ketones - R1-CO-R2, alcohols ma phenols R-Oi, acid carboxylic - R-COOH , ethers - R1-O-R2, acids carboxylic galogenoangidridy R-COHal, esters R-COOR, nitro - R-NO2, sulfonic -R-SO3H, tuufaatasi organometallic - R-Mai ia te Au, mercaptans R-SH.

tuufaatasi faatulagaina i ai i latou fausaga molecular se vaega e faaaogaina i, o lo o taua ma e pei ona tuufaatasi faatulagaina galuega faigofie, e toalua pe sili atu - ua tuufaatasi ma galuega tauave fefiloi. Faataitaiga o tuufaatasi faatulagaina ma galuega faigofie e mafai ona hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, amines, acids carboxylic, tuufaatasi nitro, ma isi e mafai ona hydroxy faataitaiga o le tuufaatasi ma galuega tauave fefiloi, keto, ma isi

Faapitoa le taua o le tuufaatasi bioorganic lavelave: polotini, proteid, lipids, acids nucleic, carbohydrates, molecules i ai se aofaiga tele o vaega e faaaogaina i eseese.